Intertextuality manipulation in post-September-eleven American fiction to misinform readership

Mohammad Atawi Saraireh; Thanaa Mohammad Saraireh

doi:10.18326/ijims.v10i2.271-296

Intertextuality manipulation in post-September-eleven American fiction to misinform readership

Mohammad Atawi Saraireh, Thanaa Mohammad Saraireh

Abstract

This paper investigates how some American writers manipulate intertextuality in American fiction in the wake of the September 11 events. The researchers use Updike’s Terrorist, Miller’s Blindsided, and McBain’s Merely Hate to illustrate this kind of manipulation. An example is cited and discussed in light of the supposed Islamic reference material. The researchers provide a discussion showing how intertextuality is manipulated to misinform readership. The findings indicate that the most employed manipulation strategies are mistranslation, incomplete quotation, out of context Quranic verses, fake information, and distorted ideas about women and the concept of jihad.

Keywords

Manipulation; Intertextuality; Distortion; Quran; Hadith; American fiction; Misinformation

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-Athir, Majd al-Din al-Mubarak b. Muhammad Ibn. al-Niha>yah fi> Ghari>b al- H{adi>th wa al-Athar, Beirut: Da>r al-Fikr, 1979.

Aziz, Zahid. Centenary of Maulana Muhammad Ali’s Translation of the Quran. UK, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, 2017.

Bon, Gustave Le. La Civilisation des Arabes. 1884. Adel Zueiter (trans.). H}ad}arah al-`Arab. Beirut: Mu’assasat Hindawi li Ta’li>m wa al-Thaqafah, 2012.

Bukhari, Mohammad. Al-Bukhari’s Sahih. Mohammad al-Sharif (Trans.). Lebanon: Da>r al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, 2005.

Al-Bukhari. Sahih al-Bukhari. Hadith # 4986. In Book Reference: Book 66, Hadith 8. USC-MSA web (English) reference: vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 509. https:// sunnah.com/bukhari/66

Dakake, David, “The Myth of a Millitant Islam”, In Islam, Fundamentalism and the Myth of Tradition. Joseph Lumbard (ed.). India: World Wisdom, 2004: 3-37.

Esposito, John L. Islam: The Straight Path. London: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Esposito, John L. The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995.

Al-Hanafy, Abu Al-Hasan. Sunan Ibn Majid. Beirut: Da>r al-Ma’rifah, 1996.

Al-Hindi, Muttaqi & Ali ibn Abdul Malik. Kanz Al-Ummal fi Sunan al-Aqwa>l wa al-Af’a>l. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, 1979.

Holy Qur’an The English translation of the meaning and commentary. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’an, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. 1413 H.

Irving, Washington. Tales of the Alhambra: a Series of Tales and Sketches of the Moors and Spaniards. New York: John B. Alden, 1832.

Irving, Washington. A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada. London: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.

Kaisy, Mahmood, ed. Al-Muwatta. By Malek Ibn Anas. Beirut: Muassast Al-Neda’, 2004.

Kalin, Ibrahim. “Roots of Misconception: Euro-American Perceptions of Islam Before and After 9/11”. Islam, Fundamentalism and the Myth of Tradition. Joseph Lumbard (ed). Canada: World Wisdom, 2004. 143-187.

Katheer Ibn. Tafsi>r Al-Qur'an Al-Az}im. Dar Ibn Hazm. 1981.

Al-Khaleq, Abu Shabaanah Abd. Al-Muntakhab: the Select in the Interpretation of the Glorious Quran: Arabic-English. Saudi Arabia: Al-Majlis al-A’la> li Shu’u>n al-Isla>miyah, 2006

Mahdi, Muhammad (trans.). Sahih Muslim. 2005.

Al-Manan, Ukasha Abd. Zawjat al-Rasu>l. Amman: Da>r al-Isra>’, 1994.

McBain, Ed. Merely Hate: Transgression. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2005: 294-432.

Miller, Calvin. Blindsided. Tennessee: B & H Publishing Group, 2007.

Pickthall, Muhammad (trans.). The Glorius Quran: Text and Explanatory Translation. Saudi Arabia: Muslim World League, 1977.

Al-Qurtubi, Mohammad. Al-Ja>mi’ li Ah}ka>m al-Qur’a>n, Beirut: Mu’assasat al- Risa>lah, 1964.

Rodwell, J. M. The Koran. Translated from the Arabic. London and Torento: J. M. Dent and Son Ltd., and New Yourk: E. P. Dutton and CO, 1861, 1909.

Al-Sajistani, Abu Dawood Sulaiman ibn Al-Ash’ath. Sunan Abi Dawud. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al- `Ilmiyyah, 1900.

Shah-Kazemi, Reza, “Recollecting the Spirit of Jihad” in Islam, Fundamentalism and the Myth of Tradition. Joseph Lumbard (ed.). Canada: World Wisdom, 2004: 121-142.

Al-Shaybani, M. (trans.). Al-Muwat}t}a’. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-Tura>th, 2004.

Ross, Alexander (trans.). The Alcoran of Mahmet. London, 1649.

Said, Edward. Covering Islam. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981.

Sha’ban, Fuad. Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: The Roots of Orientalism in America. North Carolina: Duke University, 1991.

Shah-Kazemi, Reza, “Recollecting the Spirit of Jihad” in Joseph Lumbard (ed.), Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition: Essays by Western Muslim Scholars. India: World Wisdom, 2004: 121-141.

Tyler, Royall. The Algerian Captive. David Carlisle, 1797, 2002.

Updike, John. Terrorist. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Penguin Books, 2007.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i2.271-296