Conceptualizing Muslim identity in the US, post-9/11

Maretha Dellarosa

Abstract


This article examines the conception of Muslim identity by Muslim teachers in the broader Islamophobic American social environment and the ways they support young Muslim children. To answer these questions, this article employs a qualitative case study by observing and interviewing Muslim teachers who teach kindergarteners in a Sunday school program. Drawing on identity, social identity, and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, the findings from this study demonstrate that the interpretation of good Muslim and Islamic principles serve as an instrument to conceptualize Muslim teachers’ identity.


Keywords


Islamophobia; Religious identity; Muslims; Young children; Teacher

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alison Kysia “Rethinking Schools Rethinking Islamophobia”, Available at: https://rethinkingschools.org/articles/rethinking-islamophobia/ (accessed 7 December 2020), (2017).

Anna Carastathis, “The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory”, Philosophy Compass, Volume 9, Number 5 (2014): 304–314.

Anne Haas Dyson, Celia Genishi, On the Case: Approaches to Language and Literacy Research, Approaches to language and literacy research. New York: Teachers College Press/NCRLL, 2005, 1-18.

Bonnie Thornton Dill, Ruth Enid Zambrana, “Critical thinking about inequality”, in Dill BT, Zambrana RE, Collins P, et al. (ed) Emerging Intersections: Race, Class, and Gender in Theory, Policy, and Practice. Rutgers University Press, 2009, 1-19.

Danielle Zimmerman, “Young Muslim women in the United States: identities at the intersection of group membership and multiple individualities”, Social Identities Volume 20, Number 4–5 (2014): 299–313.

Dhaya Ramarajan, Marcella Runell, “Confronting Islamophobia in education”, Intercultural Education, Volume 18, Number 2 (2007): 87–97.

Dodik Ariyanto, Multilayered Approach on Islamophobia: A Contribution Toward Developing a Sustainable and Strategic Response, in Amina Easat-Daas (ed) Toward a Counter-Islamophobia Toolkit: Drawing on Best Practices in the European Union. US: The Carter Center, 2018: 83-87.

Elora Halim Chowdhury, “Reading Hamid, Reading Coates: Juxtaposing Anti-Muslim and Anti-Black Racism in Current Times”, Feminist Formations, Baltimore, United States: Johns Hopkins University Press, Volume 30, Number 3 (Winter 2018), 63-78.

Farah Elahi, Omar Khan, “1 Introduction: What is Islamophobia? 12”, in Elahi F and Khan O (ed) Islamophobia. Still a challenge to us all. London: Runnymede Trust, 2017:5-12.

Gary Thomas, How to Do Your Case Study. Second edition, Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2015.

Hatem Bazian, "Countering Islamophobia Is a Civil Society Responsibility", in Easat-Daas, A (ed) Toward a Counter-Islamophobia Toolkit: Drawing on Best Practices in the European Union. US: The Carter Center, (2018): 65-72.

Haya El Nasser, “Sikh Americans are not Muslims, but they still suffer from Islamophobia” Available at: http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/29/sikh-americans-not-muslims-but-suffer-islamophobia.html (accessed 11 December 2020).

Helen Owton, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson, “Close But Not Too Close: Friendship as Method(ology) in Ethnographic Research Encounters”, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Volume 43, Number 3 (2014): 283–305.

Islamophobia, “In Oxford English Dictionary Online”, Retrieved June 23, 2019, from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/248449, (2006).

James Paul Gee, “Chapter 3 : Identity as an Analytic Lens for Research in Education”, Review of Research in Education, Volume 25, Number 1 (2000): 99–125.

James Paul Gee. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory & Method. 1st edition. Routledge, 1999.

Jan Blommaert, Ethnography and democracy: Hymes's political theory of language. Text & Talk; 2009, 257-273.

Jan Bloommaert, Dong Jie, Ethnographic fieldwork: A Beginner’s guide, Multilingual Matters, Bristol, UK; 2010.

Jessica Winegar, “4 Ways to Make Schools Safer for Muslim Students - Northwestern Now”, Available at: https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2016/01/opinion-huffpo-safe-schools/ (accessed 7 December 2020), (2016).

Kazi Hossain, “Islamophobia: What Teachers Can Do to Reduce It in the Classroom”, Multicultural Education, Volume 25, Number 1 (2017): 35–40.

Kim Sadique, James Tangen, Anna Perowne , The Importance of Narrative in Responding to Hate Incidents Following ‘Trigger’ Events, UK: Leicester, 2018.

Marwa Eltagouri, “To American Muslim kids: Stay strong amid Islamophobic rhetoric”, Available at: https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/ct-muslim-children-islamophobia-20151222-story.html (accessed 23 June 2019), (2015).

Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Diane J Goodman, Khyati Y Joshi, Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice Third edition, New York; Routledge, 2016, 25-50.

Mayida Zaal, “Islamophobia in Classrooms, Media, and Politics”, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, Volume 55, Number 6 (2012): 555–558.

Melinda Cathrin McClimans, Pushing Students' Self/Other Boundaries in Order to Teach Critically About Difference. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, USA, (2019).

Michael Quinn Patton, “Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis”, Health Services Research, Volume 34, Number 5 Pt 2 (1999): 1189–1208.

Moni Basu, “15 Years after 9/11 Sikhs still victims of anti-Muslim hate crimes”, Available at: www.cnn.com/2016/09/15/us/sikh-hate-crime-victims/index.html (accessed 11 December 2020), (2012).

Natasha Hakimali Merchant, “Responses to Islam in the Classroom: A Case of Muslim Girls from Minority Communities of Interpretation”, International Journal of Multicultural Education, Volume 18, Number 1 (2016): 183–199.

Özlem Sensoy, “Beyond Fearing the Savage: Responding to Islamophobia in the Classroom”, in Ross EW (ed) Social Studies Curriculum, The, Fourth Edition: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities. 4th edition. SUNY Press, 2014.

Randa Elbih, “Teaching about Islam and Muslims While Countering Cultural Misrepresentations”, Social Studies, Volume 106, Number 3 (2015): 112–116.

Rod Gardner, Yasemin Karakaşoğlus, Sigrid Luchtenberg, “Islamophobia in the media: a response from multicultural education”, Intercultural Education, Volume 19, Number 2 (2008): 119–136.

Shani Burke, Parisa Diba, Georgios A Antonopoulos, ‘You sick, twisted messes’: The use of argument and reasoning in Islamophobic and anti-Semitic discussions on Facebook”, Discourse & Society. (2020): 1-16.

Shirin Housee, “What’s the point? Anti-racism and students’ voices against Islamophobia”, Race Ethnicity and Education, Volume 15, Number 1 (2012): 101–120.

Shirley Brice Heath, Brian V. Street, On Ethnography: Approaches to Language and Literacy Research, Approaches to language and literacy research. New York: Teachers College Press : NCRLL/National Conference on Research in Language and Literacy, 2008.

Stephanie Wright, “Reproducing Fear: Islamophobia in the United States”, in Pratt D and Woodlock R (ed) Fear of Muslims? Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

Susan L. Douglass, Ross E. Dunn, “Interpreting Islam in American Schools”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (July 2003): 52–72.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i2.369-392

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Maretha Dellarosa

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies indexed by: