Debating shura and democracy among British Muslim organizations
Abstract
Shura as the system of representation of the Muslim’s voice in, typically, the
Islamic state is often confronted with the West representation system namely
Democracy. Some Islamic scholars believe that Shura is still the best system for
Muslims to vote for their need in the state. However, as Islam is not a monolithic
doctrine, some other Muslim groups have another alternative view to represent
their political opinion to the state by, surprisingly, practicing democracy. In brief,
Shura is still placed God instructions as the reference of all decisions which are
made in the council. Otherwise, democracy merely stands its policy on the people.
Both systems have a long tradition processes to find their recent way in this
global age. And the British Muslims have to realize that they live in a developed
country like Britain and still have to be Muslim. Giving challenging condition, Hizbut
Tahrir, Tablighi Jama’at, and Muslim Council of Britain, three prominent Muslim
Organizations in England, have different attitude towards democratic Britain to
voice their representation. On the one hand, Hizbut Tahrir strictly rejects the idea
of democracy as its goal is to establish the Islamic Caliphate in the world. And on
another hand, Tablighi Jama’at tends to stay away from the political issue, including
its representation, as the core of this organization is only preaching in a
peaceful way. Finally, Muslim Council of Britain as the umbrella of small-medium Muslim organizations in England, in fact is involving in the system of British democracy.
Shura sebagai sistem perwakilan seringkali diperbandingkan dengan sistem
perwakilan Barat, yaitu demokrasi. Beberapa tokoh umat Islam percaya bahwa
shura masih merupakan sistem perwakilan yang terbaik untuk menyuarakan
keinginan umat Islam terhadap negara. Namun demikian, karena Islam bukan
merupakan doktrin yang kaku, ada beberapa kelompok Muslim lain yang memiliki
pandangan berbeda di dalam mengemukakan aspirasi politiknya terhadap negara,
yang justru menggunakan sistem demokrasi. Secara singkat, sistem shura masih
menempatkan ajaran-ajaran Tuhan sebagai acuan untuk memutuskan segala
persoalan dalam dewan. Sedangkan demokrasi membuat kebijakan semata-mata
berdasarkan pada suara manusia. Kedua sistem ini memiliki proses tradisional
yang panjang untuk mencapai bentuknya seperti sekarang ini. Sementara itu,
Muslim Inggris harus menyadari bahwa mereka hidup di negara maju dan harus
tetap ber-Islam. Menghadapi kondisi yang menantang ini, tiga organisasi Islam
terkemuka di Inggris seperti Hizbut Tahrir, Tablighi Jama’ah, dan Muslim Council
of Britain memiliki sikap berbeda untuk menyatakan suara mereka terhadap
pemerintah Inggris yang demokratis. Satu sisi, Hizbut Tahrir dengan keras menolak
ide demokrasi dikarenakan cita-cita mereka adalah mendirikan kekhalifahan Islam
di dunia. Sementara di sisi yang lain, Tablighi Jama’ah cenderung menghindari
isu politik, termasuk keterwakilan mereka. Terakhir, Muslim Council of Britain
yang merupakan payung bagi organisasi-organisasi Islam kecil-menengah di
Inggris pada kenyataannya ikut serta di dalam sistem demokrasi Inggris.
Keywords
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v1i2.229-252
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Copyright (c) 2014 Bambang Arif Rahman
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