Islam and politics: political attitudes of the elites in Muhammadiyah 1998-2010

Abstract

This study examines the roles of political elites in the Muhammadiyah in facing
the dynamics Muslim politics in post New Order regime. There are three issues
discussed: the emergence of Islamic political parties, the desire to implement
the Jakarta charter as a state ideology, and the rise of terrorism. The result of
the study demonstrated that there are four variants of the political attitudes of
the elites in Muhammadiyah in post-New Order regime: 1) transformative-ideal-
istic; 2) moderate-idealistic, 3) realistic-critical, and 4) accommodative-prag-
matic. The variations are deeply influenced by two main factors: the sociological
background and organizational factor.
Penelitian ini menguji peran elit politik dalam Muhammadiyah dalam menghadapi
dinamika politik Muslim pada era  rezim pasca Orde Baru. Ada tiga isu yang
dibahas: munculnya partai-partai politik Islam, keinginan untuk melaksanakan
Piagam Jakarta sebagai ideologi negara, dan munculnya terorisme. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa ada empat varian sikap politik para elite di Muhammadiyah
pada era  rezim pasca-Orde Baru: 1) transformatif-idealis; 2) moderat-idealis, 3) realistis-kritis, dan 4) akomodatif-pragmatis. Variasi ini  sangat dipengaruhi
oleh dua faktor utama, yaitu  latar belakang sosiologis dan faktor organisasi.